The Indus Waters Treaty was signed between India and Pakistan on September 19, 1960, with the help of the World Bank. The main goal was to peacefully share the water of rivers in the Indus River system (which includes rivers like Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej), as both countries depend on this water.
As per the agreement:
- India got full control over the eastern rivers: Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej
- Pakistan got the rights over the western rivers: Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab
- India could use the western rivers for limited use like farming, hydro-power (without storage), but could not stop or store the water.
This treaty has been working for more than 60 years, even during wars between the two countries.
Why Did India Suspend the Treaty Now?
After the brutal Pahalgam terrorist attack in Jammu & Kashmir (April 2025), where 28 innocent tourists were killed, the Indian government took serious steps against Pakistan, as reports pointed to Pakistan-based terrorists being involved.
As part of India’s tough response:
- India has now suspended the Indus Waters Treaty.
- This means India may now use more of the water from the rivers flowing into Pakistan or restrict the water supply if needed.
This is not the first time such a move was discussed. Even after the Uri attack in 2016 and the Pulwama attack in 2019, India had reviewed the treaty but didn’t take this major step.
What Will Be the Impact on Pakistan?
Suspending the treaty could seriously affect Pakistan’s agriculture and drinking water supply, especially in areas like Punjab and Sindh. These areas mostly depend on water from the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers.
If India decides to build dams or stop the flow temporarily:
- Crops in Pakistan may suffer due to less irrigation water
- There could be water shortages in many Pakistani cities
- Tension between the two countries could rise on the diplomatic level
However, India is still following all international rules. This is a strong message to Pakistan that terrorism and peace cannot go hand in hand.
Conclusion
The Indus Waters Treaty was a long-standing symbol of cooperation between two enemy neighbours. But after the latest terrorist attack, India has taken a firm stand. Suspending the treaty shows that India will not tolerate terrorism anymore, especially if it comes from across the border.
Now, all eyes are on how Pakistan responds. But for now, India has made it clear – national security comes first, and water diplomacy is no longer one-sided.
